INTODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS

INTRODUCTION OF LINGUISTICS

Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context

SYNTAX
Syntax is the grammar, structure, or order of the elements in a language statement.  syntax refers to the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences.   

*Phrases

Phrase is a group of words that have a function as a unit in a sentence. Phrases are divided into five types by category such as noun phrase,verb phrase,adjective phrase,adverb phrase and preposition phrase.

• Noun phrase is phrase derived from a noun that serves as the subject or object of the sentence.
  Example : a handsome boy
• Verb phrase is phrase composed of auxiliary verb combinations with verbs.
  Example : She has taken the job
• Adjective phrase is phrase derived from an adjective used to give to a noun or pronoun.
  Example : Tony lost his dark brown briefcase
• Adverb phrase is phrase that serves as an explanation used to describe a verb.
  Example : Tom ran quickly
• Preposition phrase is a prepositional phrase consist of prepositional followed by prepositional completment which is normally(to,in,at,on,for,etc)added by noun phrase
   Example : I put the book on the table.

**Clauses

Clauses are groups of words that contain both a subject and a predicate.There are two main types of clauses: Independent clauses and Dependent clauses. Independent clauses which can function independently as sentences.Dependent clauses which depend on an independent clause to form a sentence.

Judging from its function, dependent clause can be distinguished, namely: Noun Clause ,Adjective Clause, and Adverbial Clause

• Noun Clause using as a noun is marked by wh-words, how, and that.
  Example :What you said have to me is very suprising
• Adjective Clause The clauses  as adjectives are marked by the relative pronouns, who, whom, which, whose and that.
  Example : The book which you are reading is mine
• Adverbial Clause is clausa as adverbials are marked with subordinate conjunctions.
  Example : I will always think of you wherever you go

***Sentences

Sentences is a sequence of words capable of standing alone to make an assertion, ask a question, or give a command, usually consisting of a subject and a predicate containing a finite verb.

Example : Ira plans to go to Bali next month.